The sources for oxygen are primary production and fluxes at the upper boundary. The surface flux is prescribed by equation(36) O2flux=pvel(Osat−O2),where equation(37) Osat=a0(a1+a2T)Osat=a0(a1+a2T)with a0 = 31.25 mmol m−3, a1 = 14.603, and a2 = 0.4025 T−1 ( Neumann et al. 2002). “
“Channelized gravity currents play a key role in the deep water exchange between ocean basins and the formation of deep water masses (Baringer & Price 1997, Mauritzen et al. 2005, Peters et al. 2005). Well-known examples

of channelized gravity flows are the Mediterranean outflow (Johnson et al. 1994, Baringer & Price 1997), the Faroe Bank Channel overflow in the North Atlantic (Borenäs & Lundberg 1988, Johnson & Sanford 1992), the Vema Channel overflow in the South selleck inhibitor Epigenetics Compound Library concentration Atlantic (Hogg & Zenk 1997) and the Red Sea outflow (Peters et al. 2005). The Coriolis force will be important for channelized gravity currents when the Rossby number of these flows (defined as Ro=|U/Wf|, where U is

the mean downstream velocity, W is the channel width, and f is the Coriolis parameter) is less than order 1 ( Cossu et al. 2010). When Ro≪l, the flow is substantially slower than a non-rotating flow with the same density contrast. Because of the Earth’s rotation, the transverse density structure of channelized gravity flows becomes asymmetrical. The density interface goes down to the left of the down-channel flow (in the Northern Hemisphere) in accordance with geostrophic balance. There is a pronounced spreading (pinching) of the pycnocline on the right-hand (left-hand) flank, so that the interface looks wedge-shaped (e.g. Petrén & Walin 1976, Borenäs & Lundberg 1988, Johnson & Sanford 1992). The pool of the densest water often lies on the left-hand flank ( Paka 1996, Paka et al. 1998) and the downward bending of near-bottom isopycnals 5-FU purchase appears on the right-hand flank. Moreover, some observations demonstrate an ultimate bending with isopycnals becoming nearly vertical, so that the vertical homogeneity and pure horizontal density

gradient are established on the right-hand flank, while the left-hand flank remains essentially free of horizontal density variations ( Umlauf & Arneborg 2009a, Umlauf et al. 2010). In accordance with a theory by Wåhlin (2002, 2004), the topographic downward steering of the frictionally controlled gravity current along a channel implies that the transverse Ekman transport in the bottom boundary layer (BBL) is balanced by the transverse geostrophic transport due to the down-channel tilt of the interface. Umlauf & Arneborg (2009b) and Umlauf et al. (2010) showed that the nearly geostrophically balanced interfacial jet plays a key role, transporting interfacial fluid to the right of the down-channel flow.