Since unconventional drilling is significantly different than conventional drilling, New York has been in the process of developing supplemental regulations (Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement, SGEIS) which are pending the approval of the NYSDEC as of May 2014 (NYSDEC, 2013). Most county residents obtain their drinking water from groundwater, with residents in the major river valleys generally ABT-199 manufacturer tapping the glaciofluvial sand and gravel aquifers, in which, some aquifers are confined. Residents in the uplands primarily tap into bedrock aquifers (McPherson, 1993). In late 2011, Cornell Cooperative Extension collaborators placed newspaper ads in Chenango County newspapers

to recruit residents who would allow us to obtain samples from their water wells in exchange for receipt of a free water quality report. Interested county residents who responded to the ad were accepted into the study; only drilled wells as opposed to dug wells

or springs were included in this analysis. The 113 wells included in this analysis were distributed across the county (Fig. 2). Water samples were obtained from each of these homeowner wells between March and June 2012. The samples were taken from the closest accessible location to the well, which was often a spigot just past the water pressure tank in the basement. Water collection also occurred prior to the treatment system, if there was one. Water was initially Dasatinib price run to purge the pipes and pressure tank of stagnant water, for at least five minutes. A one liter pre-cleaned amber glass bottle was filled with water to be used for sediment and solute analysis. A second water sample was then taken for dissolved

gas analysis per standard methods of the USGS Reston Dissolved Gas Laboratory (Busenberg et al., 1998). For this method, flexible Masterflex Tygon tubing was attached to the spigot using a hose connector and water was run into a large bucket. The tubing was then inserted to the bottom of a 125 mL glass serum bottle and the bottle filled with water. With the water still running, the bottle was lowered into the bucket and then the tube was removed. After making sure no bubbles were adhering to the P-type ATPase inside of the bottle, a butyl rubber stopper was inserted in the bottle neck. A syringe needle was then inserted into the stopper that allowed the stopper to fully seal the bottle without having any remaining headspace. After sealing each bottle, the needle was removed, the bottle was removed from the full bucket, and the labeled sample bottles were stored in a cooler. Upon return to the Cornell Soil and Water Lab, a subsample of water for anion and cation analysis was removed from the amber collection bottle after ensuring it was well-mixed. The subsample was filtered to 0.45 μm and all samples were stored at 4 °C until analysis.