Conclusions. Investigations based on self-report or clinical bruxism diagnosis showed a positive association with TMD pain, but they are characterized by some potential bias and confounders at the diagnostic level (eg, pain as a criterion for bruxism diagnosis). Studies based on more quantitative and specific methods to diagnose bruxism showed much lower association with TMD symptoms. Anterior tooth wear was not found to be a major risk
factor for TMD. Experimental sustained jaw clenching may provoke acute muscle tenderness, but it is not analogous to myogenous TMD pain, so such studies may not help clarify the clinical relationship Smoothened inhibitor between bruxism and TMD. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod selleck chemical 2010; 109:
e26-e50)”
“To quantify removal kinetics of contaminant particles on solid surfaces, we study collisions between nonspherical particles when one particle is suspended in laminar shear flow while the second is adhered to a solid surface. Based on kinetic theory of rigid nonspherical particles, we outline a theoretical framework for our previously developed binary-collision contaminant-removal model. We show that a distribution of adhered contaminant particles over orientation, size, and shape results in multiexponential decay of surface concentration of particles with time, in agreement with experimental findings [Andreev et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, H55 (2011)]. Theory predicts a linear increase of removal rate constant with shear
rate and with suspended solids concentration near the substrate surface, also in agreement with experiment [Andreev et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, H55 (2011); Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49, 12461 (2010)]. To reveal the effect of geometry and size of colliding entrained particles on removal rates, an approximate singlet distribution function is derived for particles in flow at the level of the Smoluchowski MDV3100 theory for orthocoagulation. Two shapes of flow-suspended particles are considered: spheres and cuboids with high aspect ratio, while contaminant particles on the surface are small and spherical. Removal kinetic rate constants scale with contaminant particle size, alpha(A), as alpha(3/2)(A) for spheres and as alpha(A) for cuboids. Thus, rectangular platelet particles are effective for removal of small contaminant particles, confirming experimental observation [Andreev et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, H55 (2011)]. The influence of platelet aspect ratio on removal rates is analyzed. Due to interplay between solids velocity and collision cross section, small aspect ratios improve cleaning efficiency when the size ratio of the entrained to contaminant particles is large.