Rotavirus season onset was defined as the first of 2 consecutive weeks during which the percentage of specimens testing positive for rotavirus was >= 10%. To assess trends in rotavirus testing and detection, we restricted the analyses to 25 laboratories that reported for 26 weeks per season from 2000 to 2010.
Results: During 2009-2010, the threshold for the start of the rotavirus season was never achieved nationally or in the North, Midwest, or West. Activity in the South met this
threshold but the season duration was substantially shorter and of lower magnitude than in all previous pre- and postvaccine introduction seasons. Nationally and within each region, the peak week was more delayed
and the peak proportion of positive tests was substantially lower than all previous seasons. The total number of tests performed declined by 23%, and the number of positive GSK1838705A Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor tests declined by 86%.
Conclusions: Rotavirus activity was substantially diminished during the 2009-2010 MCC950 rotavirus season compared with the prevaccine baseline and the 2 previous postvaccine introduction seasons. These sustained declines over 3 rotavirus seasons reaffirm the health benefits of the US rotavirus vaccination program.”
“Background and aims: Early onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be an independent risk factor for T2DM. We
investigated the relationship between NAFLD and glucose metabolism in a large sample of obese children.
Methods and Results: A total of 571 obese children (57% males and 43% females) aged 8-18 years were consecutively studied at a tertiary care centre specialised in paediatric obesity. Liver ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD after exclusion of hepatitis B and C and alcohol consumption. Oral-glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) was performed; insulin sensitivity was evaluated by using the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and beta-cell function by using the ratio between the incremental areas under the curve (AUC) of insulin and glucose (incAUCins/incAUCglu). BYL719 in vitro A total of 41% of the obese children had NAFLD. Impaired glucose tolerance or T2DM was present in 25% of the children with NAFLD versus 8% of those without it (p < 0.001). Children with NAFLD had higher body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, 120-min OGTT glucose, incAUCins/incAUCglu and lower ISI as compared with children without NAFLD (p <= 0.002). At bootstrapped multivariable median regression analysis controlling for gender, age, pubertal status and BMI, NAFLD was an independent predictor of 120-min OGTT glucose and ISI, but not of incAUCins/incAUCglu. Similar findings were obtained using continuous liver steatosis as the predictor, instead of dichotomous NAFLD.