Polarized monolayers of T-84 and HT29/cl. 19A colonocytes were preincubated with IFN-gamma prior to stimulation with EGF. Basolateral potassium transport was studied in Ussing chambers. We also studied inflamed colonic mucosae from C57BL/6 mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium or mdr1a knock-out

mice and controls. IFN-gamma increased intestinal epithelial EGFr expression without increasing its phosphorylation. Conversely, IFN-gamma caused a significant decrease in EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of specific EGFr tyrosine residues and activation of ERK but not Akt-1. In IFN gamma -pretreated cells, the inhibitory effect of EGF on carbachol-stimulated K+ channel activity was lost. In inflamed colonic tissues, EGFr expression FK228 cell line was significantly increased, whereas ERK phosphorylation was reduced. Thus, although it up-regulates EGFr expression, IFN-gamma causes defective EGFr activation in colonic epithelial cells via reduced phosphorylation of specific EGFr tyrosine residues. This probably accounts for altered downstream signaling consequences. These observations were corroborated in the setting of colitis. IFN-gamma also abrogates the ability of EGF

to inhibit https://www.selleckchem.com/products/wh-4-023.html carbachol-stimulated basolateral K+ currents. Our data suggest that, in the setting of inflammation, the biological effect of EGF, including the inhibitory effect of EGF on Ca2+-dependent ion transport, is altered, perhaps contributing to diarrheal and other symptoms in vivo.”
“Background.

Dementia is a cause of disability in later life. Despite the importance of functional status to the diagnosis of dementia, limited information exists on differences in functional limitations by dementia subtype. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using www.selleckchem.com/products/p5091-p005091.html the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS) to determine the extent of functional impairment among older adults with dementia due to different etiologies.\n\nMethods. The ADAMS sample consisted of 856 individuals aged 71 years and older originally surveyed as part of the Health and Retirement Study. Based on a comprehensive in-person cognitive evaluation, respondents were assigned to diagnostic categories of normal cognition, cognitive impairment not demented, and demented. Dementia subtypes were grouped into three categories: vascular dementia (VaD). Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), and dementia due to other etiologies. For 744 of the 856 respondents, a proxy informant completed a questionnaire asking whether the respondent had difficulty completing instrumental activities of daily living and activities of daily living (ADLs).\n\nResults. Of 744 ADAMS participants, 263 had dementia: 199 (70.5%) with AD, 42 (16.9%) with VaD, and 22 (12.6%) were demented due to other etiologies.