6. Conclusions Physiological adaptations to physical exercises lead to blood volume redistribution favoring the working muscle supply with oxygen and energy-yielding substrate as well as the skin for heating dissipation as sweat. Strenuous exercise and/or hot-humid environments precipitate body dehydration, which may induce core hyperthermia, Savolitinib molecular weight muscle glycogen depletion, gastric emptying delay, gut underperfusion (and ischemia) followed by endotoxemia or anaphylaxis. Rapid fluid delivery from fluids intake is the goal of oral rehydration solutions and sports drinks, that provide the addition of sodium and carbohydrates to assist the intestinal

absorption of water and muscle-glycogen replenishment, respectively. However, sometimes, fluid delivery and carbohydrate delivery are difficult to reconcile as carbohydrate-rich beverages decrease fluid delivery to the gut, thus delaying water absorption and accentuating gut underperfusion. It is necessary to inform athletes about potential dangers of drinking too much water, advise them to refrain from using hypertonic fluid

replacements. Nutritional Recommendations www.selleckchem.com/products/mk-5108-vx-689.html during intense exercise, is recommended an intake of 0,5 L/hour AMN-107 clinical trial of sports beverages. A CHO (<10%) and sodium beverage should be encouraged. To increase the CHO exogenous oxidation, glucose plus fructose should be consumed. References 1. Burini FHP, de Oliveira EP, Burini RC: Metabolic

(Mal) Adaptations to Training Continuum-Misconceptions of Terminology and Diagnosis. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2010, 16:388–392.CrossRef 2. Wittbrodt ET: Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance during exercise. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2003, mafosfamide 16:45–50.CrossRef 3. de Oliveira EP, Burini RC: The impact of physical exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009, 12:533–538.PubMedCrossRef 4. Choi JH, Lee HB, Ahn IS, Park CW, Lee CH: Wheat-dependent, Exercise-induced Anaphylaxis: A Successful Case of Prevention with Ketotifen. Ann Dermatol 2009, 21:203–205.PubMedCrossRef 5. Fujii H, Kambe N, Fujisawa A, Kohno K, Morita E, Miyachi Y: Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis induced by low dose aspirin therapy. Allergol Int 2008, 57:97–98.PubMedCrossRef 6. Rehrer NJ, Brouns F, Beckers EJ, Frey WO, Villiger B, Riddoch CJ, Menheere PP, Saris WH: Physiological changes and gastro-intestinal symptoms as a result of ultra-endurance running. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1992, 64:1–8.PubMedCrossRef 7. Qamar MI, Read AE: Effects of exercise on mesenteric blood flow in man. Gut 1987, 28:583–587.PubMedCrossRef 8. Jeukendrup AE, Jentjens RL, Moseley L: Nutritional considerations in triathlon. Sports Med 2005, 35:163–181.PubMedCrossRef 9.