90 degrees domain boundaries see more are also observed but are less frequent than 60 degrees boundaries and in contrast to previous reports, these often have rather curved and irregular boundary planes. The close similarity of all these features, with the one exception of the streaked nanostructure, to the domain structure

of the commensurate antiferroelectric PbZrO3, demonstrates the close relationship of the two phases and leads one to speculate that the atomic structures of the phases are also closely related. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3460106]“
“Two series of sulfonated multiblock copoly(ether-ketone)s containing phthalazinone ether ketone and fluorene ether ketone moieties have been SB273005 synthesized successfully by two-step polycondensation. The water uptakes of the copolymers with varying sized sulfonated poly(phthalazinone

ether ketone) block as hydrophilic blocks are moderate. In this series, polymer 10a gave the proton conductivity of 1.20 x 10(-3) S/cm with IEC of 1.03. The water uptakes of the copolymers with varying sized sulfonated poly(fluorene ether ketone) blocks as hydrophilic blocks are high than 300%. These copolymers showed better proton conductivity. The copolymers with sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) blocks had strong alcohol resistance at refluxing temperature. Whereas the copolymers containing sulfonated poly(fluorene ether ketone) hydrophilic blocks were dissolved in methanol and ethanol. The cast films of the title ionomers were transparent, ductile, and flexible. Moreover, these copolymers demonstrated greatly improved oxidative and thermal stabilities. Especially, the copolymers comprising sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) hydrophilic blocks and poly(fluorene ether ketone) hydrophobic blocks is a promising proton exchange membrane material for proton exchange membrane fuel cell used methanol or ethanol as fuel. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 1100-1110, 2010″
“Subfragments of amyloid-beta

(A beta) appear to protect neurons from Alzheimer’s learn more disease (AD). The permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has limited in vivo research. The aim of this study is to explore permeation of the BBB by chitosan nanoparticles loaded with A beta and to evaluate immunogenicity of these particles. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by mechanical stirring emulsification methods combined with chemical crosslinking. Morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles were examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The peptide association efficiency was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Fluorescently labeled chitosan nanoparticle-intramembranous fragments of A beta (NP-IF-A) were administered systemically to mice in order to evaluate brain translocation by fluorescence microscopy.