An essential step in most repair pathways is the DNA ligase-mediated rejoining of single- and double-strand breaks. Eukaryotes possess multiple DNA ligase enzymes, each having distinct roles in cellular metabolism. Here, we report the characterization of DNA LIGASE VI, which is only found in plant species. The primary structure of this ligase shows

a unique N-terminal region that contains a beta-CASP motif, which is found in a number of repair proteins, including the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair factor Artemis. Phenotypic analysis revealed a delay in the germination of atlig6 mutants compared with wild-type lines, and this delay becomes markedly exacerbated in the presence of the genotoxin menadione. Arabidopsis atlig6 and atlig6 atlig4 mutants display significant hypersensitivity

to controlled seed ageing, resulting in delayed germination and reduced seed viability relative to Cyclosporin A cost wild-type lines. In addition, atlig6 and atlig6 atlig4 mutants display increased sensitivity to low-temperature stress, resulting in delayed germination and reduced seedling vigour upon transfer to standard growth conditions. Seeds display a rapid transcriptional DNA DSB response, which is activated GKT137831 in vivo in the earliest stages of water imbibition, providing evidence for the accumulation of cytotoxic DSBs in the quiescent seed. These results implicate AtLIG6 and AtLIG4 as major determinants of Arabidopsis seed quality and longevity.”
“P>Governments utilize special selleckchem policy measures to increase and maintain positive attitudes among their citizens towards consent registration and organ donation. Little has been published on these national strategies. Some studies report on the impact of single policy measures shortly after their implementation, whereas the assessment of the impact of a national strategy

on organ donation over a long period of time has been lacking. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Dutch donor education strategy (1998-2008) on the availability of donor organs, by trying to disentangle the impact of education from other factors. In this study, we have devised a research strategy to assess the impact of policy measures at national level, while providing information about Dutch initiatives to increase registration and procurement rates, and demonstrating and explaining these increases. The increased resources and improved strategies employed to educate the public in relation to organ donation have paid off, but the impact decreases over time. The question remains whether the effects of these policy measures will further level off over time and what levels of increase in donor registration rates and efficiency of donor procurement are realistic targets to achieve.”
“The hypoglycaemic effect and acute oral toxicity of graded doses of aqueous extract of Anisopus mannii was investigated in rats.