“
“Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and the burden could be reduced by evidence-based strategies for the primary prevention of cancer, the early detection of malignancies

and more adequate treatment of cancer patients.

Previous research has shown that lifestyle factors are associated with common cancers and that several cancer screening programmes are cost-effective in reducing cancer-specific mortality. But, some recent studies reported that participants click here of screening programs might unintentionally change their lifestyle. Cancer screening might be a teachable moment or, on the other hand, have a false health certificate effect. Despite that the evidence is scarce, cancer screening might have opportunities for lifestyle improvements, although a possible health certificate effect still remains. Integrated approaches to combine primary and CUDC-907 order secondary prevention have the potential to optimise the efforts to improve cancer prevention and survival. More research is warranted to investigate evidence-based approaches. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to investigate existing research on the reasons why

patients delay in seeking treatment for oral cancer symptoms from a primary health care professional.

Method: The systematic approach developed by Cooper (1984) was the guiding framework for this integrative review. Cooper (1984) identifies Bromosporine ic50 the process of conducting an integrative review as encompassing the following five stages: (a) problem formulation, (b) data collection, (c) evaluation of data points, (d) data analysis and interpretation, and (e) public presentation of results.

Results: Despite different research designs employed and sample sizes ranging from 15 to 559, three major themes emerged from the 16 studies included in the review, all of which are directly related to the reasons why people delay seeking treatment for oral cancer symptoms: Patient

Sociodemographic Characteristics; Health Related Behaviours, and Psychosocial Factors.

Conclusions: Overall, this integrative review demonstrates the complexity surrounding the reasons why patients delay in seeking help for oral cancer treatment. The association between knowledge and patient delay has implications for information provision about cancer to those at risk of developing the disease. The relationship between socioeconomic status and patient delay behaviour warrants further investigation as this has been shown to be an influential factor in the study of patient delay. The meaning of many of the investigated psychosocial factors (e.g. an individuals’ symptom interpretation/attribution, disclosure of symptoms to significant others, social priorities), have not been discussed in detail and the research is not theory driven. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.