Conclusions A physiologic cold shock as it occurs when humans breathe cold air for prolonged periods of time increases the capacity of M. catarrhalis for iron uptake from human lactoferrin and transferrin, enhances the capacity of M. catarrhalis to bind vitronectin, which neutralizes the lethal effect of human complement, and decreases IgD-binding by hemagglutinin. These data support the notion that M. catarrhalis uses physiologic exposure to cold air to upregulate pivotal survival systems in the human pharynx BMS202 datasheet that may contribute to bacterial virulence.
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