Consideration of these and a number of related issues, including the wider context of color in
illustration, leads to the conclusion that the addition of color represents a powerful and at times unrivalled technique that can be employed in the study of the brain, yet adding color is sometimes ill considered and can prove superfluous, ambiguous, or misleading.”
“Background. Chronic stress may lead to health decline through metabolic syndrome. Thus, persons in stressful care-giving situations who also have more indicators of metabolic syndrome may experience more decline than other caregivers or noncaregivers.
Methods. The sample included 921 women (338 caregivers and 583 noncaregivers) from the Caregiver-Study
Stattic ic50 of selleck chemicals llc Osteoporotic Fractures study. Participants had home-based baseline and I-year follow-up interviews between 1999 and 2003. At baseline, caregivers were categorized as long term (>= 4 years) versus short term (<4 years), and caring for someone with Alzheimer’s disease/dementia or not. A metabolic risk composite score was the sum of four indicators: body mass index >= 30, and diagnosis or using medications for hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol. Walking speed (m/second) was measured at both interviews.
Results. Walking speed declined for the total sample (adjusted mean = -0.005 m/second, +/- 0.16) over an average of 1.04 years (+/- 0.16). Overall, caregiving was not associated with decline. Increasing metabolic risk score was associated with greater decline for the total sample and long-term and dementia caregivers, but not other caregivers or noncaregivers. Metabolic risk score modified the adjusted associations between years of caregiving and dementia caregiving with walking speed decline (p values for interaction terms were 0.039 and 0.057, respectively).
The biggest declines were in long-term caregivers and dementia caregivers who also had 3-4 metabolic indicators (-0.10 Oxymatrine m/second and 0.155 m/second, respectively).
Conclusions. Walking speed declined the most among older women who had both stressful caregiving situations and more metabolic syndrome indicators, suggesting these caregiver subgroups may have increased risk of health decline.”
“Over the past few years, the control of pain exerted by glial cells has emerged as a promising target against pathological pain. Indeed, changes in glial phenotypes have been reported throughout the entire nociceptive pathway, from peripheral nerves to higher integrative brain regions, and pharmacological inhibition of such glial reactions reduces the manifestation of pain in animal models.