In this study, the performance of new genotypes to be used in SRC plantations for biomass production was evaluated after three biennial rotations. At the trial plantation in Mira (Northern Italy), six different poplar (Populus) genotypes, belonging to different interspecific hybrids were studied. This plantation provided the opportunity to study the relationships between survival, biomass production and other growth parameters over multiple rotations and for a wide genotypic range. Biomass production differed significantly ISRIB manufacturer among rotations starting from 16 Mg ha(-1) year(-1)
in the first, peaking at 20 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) in the second, and decreasing to 17 Mg ha-1 year-1 in the third rotation. At the end of each rotation, significant differences among genotypes were observed in number of shoots per stool and per ha, stem diameter, tree height, and biomass production. Mean survival rates became significantly different from the other rotations only in the third rotation during which survival rate ranged from 95% for (P. x generosa) x P. nigra ‘Monviso’ to 75% for (P. x generosa) x P. nigra ‘AF6′, but non-significant difference was observed among genotypes. Skewness and inequality of shoot GSK J4 size distributions were genotype-dependent and increased
with rotations. Highest biomass production was found for genotypes P. x canadensis ’83.148.041′, ‘Monviso’ and (P. x generosa) x P. trichocarpa ‘AF8′ with mean annual dry mass production of 21.7, 19.5 and 19.3 Mg ha(-1) year(-1), respectively. Genotype x rotation interactions were significant on shoot size, diameter and number, but not on survival and biomass production highlighting that genotypes behaved differently over rotations. Moisture and ash content, wood specific gravity, and higher heating value were determined at the end of the third biennial rotation, and significant differences among genotypes were found. This study is critical for investigating
check details the behavior of novel poplar genotypes with potential for commercial biomass production over multiple coppice rotations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“In the adult hippocampus, neuroprogenitor cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus give rise to newborn neuroblasts. However, only a small subset of these cells integrates into the hippocampal circuitry as mature neurons at the end of a 4 week period. Here, we show that the majority of the newborn cells undergo death by apoptosis in the first 1 to 4 days of their life, during the transition from amplifying neuroprogenitors to neuroblasts. These apoptotic newborn cells are rapidly cleared out through phagocytosis by unchallenged microglia present in the adult SGZ niche. Phagocytosis by the microglia is efficient and undeterred by increased age or inflammatory challenge.