Lower malondialdehyde levels were detected in plants with higher CAT activity, which may result from the protective function of this enzyme. Overall, we can conclude that pretreatment with H2O2 leaf spraying was able to reduce the deleterious effects of salinity on seedling growth and lipid peroxidation. These responses could be attributed to the ability of H2O2 to induce

antioxidant defenses, especially CAT activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“P>A comparative study on the experimental pathogenicity of five species of Sporothrix of clinical interest, Sporothrix albicans, Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix mexicana, and Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, was performed using an immunocompetent murine model. Two strains of each species TH-302 manufacturer and two levels of inoculum for each strain (2 x 10(7) and 2 x 10(4) conidia/animal) were tested by intravenous inoculation of mice (ten per group). Mortality was caused by the low inoculum of one strain of S. brasiliensis only, and the high inocula of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii strains. Other inocula and other species tested did not kill

any of the experimental animals. Tissue burden studies showed fungal spread to kidneys, lungs, spleen, brain, and testicles. S. brasiliensis was recovered extensively from all of the studied organs, and S. schenckii β-Nicotinamide research buy and S. globosa were recovered in lower amounts. Histopathological studies revealed differences in the lesions, which ranged from local inflammation with a low number of fungal cells at the injection site in mice infected with S. globosa, to massive infiltration of fungal cells in organs of those infected with S. brasiliensis. Our findings showed that S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii were selleck screening library the most virulent species, and suggest that lesional mechanisms could be species-specific.”
“For almost four decades, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been of

great value in many fields of biological research. It is now used extensively in studies of microbial pathogenesis and innate immunity. The worm lacks an adaptive immune system and relies solely on its innate immune defences to cope with pathogen attack. Infectious microbes, many of which are of clinical interest, trigger specific mechanisms of innate immunity, and provoke the expression of antifungal or antibacterial polypeptides. In this review, we highlight some of these families of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins that are candidates for the development of novel antibiotics. In addition, we describe how systems of C. elegans infection provide an increasing number of possibilities for large-scale in vivo screens for the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. These systems open promising perspectives for innovative human therapies.”
“An investigation on the influence of Al/CuO reactive multilayer films (RMFs) additives on exploding foil initiator was performed in this paper.