\n\nMethods: Eighteen patients with severe COPD were randomly assigned to a magnetic stimulation training protocol, n = 10, FEV(1) = 30% (SD:

7) or to parallel clinical monitoring, control group, n = 8, FEV(1) = 35% (SD: 8). During eight weeks, patients were stimulated for 15 min on each quadriceps femoris, three times per week. Quadriceps muscle strength and endurance measurements, quality-of-life questionnaires selleck (SF36, SGRQ) and a six-minute walking test were all carried out before and after the training period in the stimulated and control subjects.\n\nResults: All patients completed the training with increasing intensity of stimulation, displaying a significant improvement in voluntary quadriceps strength (17.5% of the baseline value)

and exercise capacity, with a mean increase of 23 m in the six-minute walking test. The questionnaire scores showed greater increases in quality-of-life Selleck LB-100 scores in the trained subjects compared to the controls, particularly in the physical function areas: mean increments in SF36 in “physical function”: +26, “role limitations due to physical problems”: +40 and “vitality”: +17.5, while +13, -4 and +1, respectively in controls. Saint George’s “Activity” score improved by 19.6 points, for 11.5 in controls.\n\nConclusions: In COPD patients who are limited due to dyspnoea, magnetic neuromuscular stimulation of the quadriceps constitutes a feasible training method for the tower limbs, with positive effects on the muscle function, effort capacity and perception areas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Electrochemical generation of oxidants was Bromosporine studied to find new solutions to control microbial contamination at paper mills. Laboratory

and semi-pilot trials using a Wet End Simulator indicated that the combination of an electrochemically produced halogen-containing oxidant together with sodium percarbonate was an efficient new biocide concept, especially in fine papermaking. Addition of sodium percarbonate considerably reduced the need for halogen-containing biocides, thus lessening risk of corrosion. The trials with samples from fine paper machines indicated that the new concept required halogenated biocides to be dosed first, and the time delay between additions of biocide needed to be sufficient to ensure that no residual halogen was left when sodium percarbonate was added. Electrochemical generation enables on-site biocide production, which decreases transportation cost, risk associated with storage of hazardous chemicals, and biocide lost due to degradation. Thus, on-site generation of biocides together with potential reduction in amount of halogen containing oxidants make this dual concept economically attractive and environmentally positive.