The contact interaction between the superior component of Prodisc- L and the UHMWPE inlay were assessed in terms of contact region (CR), contact area (CA), and contact pressure (CP). Parameters of range of motion (ROM) and facet loading transfer were simultaneously analyzed and compared

with those of the intact model.

Results. The predicted contact area was 3.5 times larger in flexion than CCI-779 that observed in extension, whereas the maximum contact pressure in the disc articulation was very similar with 15.1 MPa for flexion and 14.5 MPa for extension. Joint surface incongruence was developed in extension motion. The implanted model exhibited a 91.4% increase in ROM accompanied by a 150.6% rising in facet force during extension, while the flexion motion showed the least effects of TDR. In lateral bending and axial rotation, the abnormal joint “”lift off”" was not seen.

Conclusion. The in situ function of the TDR prosthesis was highly

dependent on how well the device could incorporate itself into the mechanical environment in the disc space, which has been determined by the rest see more of the spinal structures, including the retained disc anulus, articular facets, ligaments, vertebrae, and muscular stabilizers. The different contact interaction of the artificial disc components revealed here could be attributed to the violation of this mechanical HSP990 environment which, in turn, may bring adverse effects to those spinal elements.”
“Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a rare condition characterized by multiple, small, asymptomatic dermal cysts. Treatment options are limited, with varying degrees of success; these include oral isotretinoin, surgical excision or drainage, and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. The most effective method is excision, but cosmetic considerations, time, overall cost, and pain must be considered, because patients tend to have multiple cysts. Lasers, especially nonablative devices, have not frequently been

used to treat SM. Herein, we present the case of a patient with isolated steatocystoma multiplex on the abdomen and lower chest with substantial clearance after two laser treatment sessions using two complementary lasers: a 1,450-nm diode laser to target the abnormal sebaceous glands and a 1,550-nm fractionated erbium-doped fiber laser to target the dermal cysts.”
“Study Design. Retrospective case review at a single center.

Objective. To analyze the incidence and risk factors associated with proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) in patients undergoing instrumented spinal fusion for Scheuermann kyphosis.

Summary of Background Data. Previously reported risk factors for junctional kyphosis include improper end vertebrae selection, curve correction greater than 50%, or excessive junctional soft tissue dissection.

Methods.