We consider three different

perspectives to better integrate PS into existing models of declarative memory and suggest experimental strategies for disentangling PS from semantic and episodic memory.”
“In this training study, we aimed to selectively train participants’ filtering mechanisms to enhance visual working memory (WM) efficiency. The highly restricted nature of visual WM capacity renders efficient filtering mechanisms crucial for its successful functioning. Filtering efficiency in visual WM can be measured via the lateralized change detection task with distractors. From an array of items, only a subsample must be memorized (targets), whereas distractors must be filtered out. From the EEG recorded while items are maintained in memory, slow potentials over posterior recording sides can be extracted. In addition, the contralateral delay activity Selleck Citarinostat (CDA) can be calculated as the difference wave between contralateral and ipsilateral slow potentials. As the amplitudes of contralateral slow potentials and CDA reflect the number of remembered items, one can infer if distractors were filtered out. DMXAA datasheet Efficient filtering mechanisms are also highly important in multiple object

tracking (MOT). We trained participants’ filtering ability with the aid of this latter task. Filtering in both tasks is assumed to happen via allocation of selective attention. We observed large training-induced improvements in MOT. However, these improvements did not transfer to improved filtering mechanisms in the change detection task. Instead, we obtained suggestive evidence for an overall improvement in filtering mechanisms in the change detection task for both the training enough and control group. Apparently, there exist differences in the exact nature of filtering mechanisms that operate in change detection and MOT. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“B-lymphocytes are essential for the production of antibodies to fight pathogens and are the cells of origin in 95% of human lymphomas. During their activation, and immortalisation by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which contributes to human cancers, B-lymphocytes undergo dramatic changes in cell size and protein content. This study was initiated to compare

the proteome of two B-cell lines, from the same individual, that reflect different patterns of activation, one is EBV negative and the other is EBV positive. Using isobaric tags, LC-MALDI TOF-TOF and subcellular fractionation, we quantified 499 proteins from B-cells. From a detergent lysed protein extract, we identified 34 proteins that were differentially expressed in EBV-immortalised B-cells. By analysing a nuclear extract, we identified a further 29 differentially expressed proteins with only four proteins shared between the two extracts, illustrating the benefit of subcellular fractionation. This analysis has identified proteins involved in the cytoskeletal phenotype of activated B-cells and the increased antigen recognition in EBV-immortalised cells.