IL-8, IL-18, Tubastatin A ic50 IP-10 and MIG in the culture supernatants were measured by a fluorescent bead-based multiplex technique. Results: In IPF patients, IL-8 was increased and correlated with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils, whereas the levels of IP-10 and MIG were normal. In sarcoidosis and EAA patients, IL-8, IP-10, and MIG were all increased and IP-10 and MIG correlated with IL-18, a Th1 cytokine, and the percentage and number of BAL lymphocytes. Conclusions: The difference in the expression of CXC chemokines and a Th1 cytokine may contribute to the different immunopathogenesis, clinical course and responsiveness

to treatment of these diseases. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objectives: To identify the mutations in the GJB2 gene and to determine JQEZ5 its association with non-syndromic hearing loss in Malays.

Methods: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted on a group of children from the deaf schools and the normal schools. A total of 91 buccal cell samples of non-syndromic hearing loss and 91 normal hearing children were taken. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the coding region of GJB2 gene. The PCR product of GJB2 coding region was preceded with screening for mutations using denaturing high

performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) and mutations detected were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

Results: GDC-0973 in vitro Twelve sequence variations including mutations and polymorphisms were found in 32 patients and 37 control subjects. The variations were G4D, V27I, E114G. T123N, V37I and R127H in both groups, W24X, R32H, 257_259 del CGC and M34L in patients only and I203T and V153I in control subjects only. There were no association between homozygous (P = 0.368) or heterozygous (P = 0.164) GJB2 gene and non-syndromic hearing loss.

Conclusions: The types of GJB2 gene mutation were different and vary in Malay non-syndromic hearing loss as compared to the other races. Furthermore, the mutation did not associate with hearing loss in the population. Other related genes are believed to be involved and need to be sought

in this group of patients. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Inspiratory muscle strength measurements have become a cornerstone in monitoring neuromuscular disorders. Usually, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) are performed. To our knowledge the session-to-session learning effect has rarely been evaluated for MIP performance and has never been done for SNIP performance. Objectives: We hypothesized that the sniff manoeuvre was natural and did not need to be learned, whereas the Muller manoeuvre, used for MIP measurement, was an isometric contraction which needed to be learned because it is rarely performed in real life conditions.

Besides its immunosuppressive effects, MZR has recently been reported to ameliorate tubulointerstitial fibrosis in rats via suppression of macrophage infiltration. However, there has been little information regarding the beneficial

effects of MZR from the histologic standpoint in human lupus nephritis. Pre- and posttreatment renal biopsy specimens obtained from nine patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN) were divided into LY2090314 order two groups (group A, five patients who received immunosuppressive treatment with MZR and group B, four patients who received immunosuppressive treatment without MZR) and histologically evaluated. Grading was done according to the 2003 classification system for lupus

nephritis developed by the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society, which considers the activity and chronicity indices, an immunohistologic study to assess intraglomerular and interstitial infiltration by macrophages, and the expression of osteopontin. Although in all the patients the posttreatment renal biopsy showed improvement of histologic grading and activity indices, group A patients showed a significant decrease of the chronicity indices and of intraglomerular infiltration by macrophages when compared to group B patients (2.6 +/- 0.5 vs 4.0 +/- 1.4 and 0.5 +/- 0.2 vs 2.4 +/- 1.9 cells per see more glomerulus, respectively; p < 0.05). Although this was a preliminary study in a small number of subjects, these histological observations may further confirm the beneficial effects

of MZR for selected patients with DPLN.”
“We demonstrate that the temperature derivative admittance spectroscopy method can be used to directly determine the defect density of states. The density ACY-1215 price of defect states is proportional to the temperature derivative of the capacitance. This method is equivalent to the existing frequency derivative method in principle but possesses certain key advantages for detection of deep levels. To illustrate these advantages, we define the activation energy of a fictitious defect the Arrhenius plot of which extends diagonally across the measurable temperature-frequency range. Below this level (that is, shallower defects), the frequency derivative method is advantageous, and above this level (that is, deeper defects), the temperature derivative method is advantageous. The temperature derivative method allows a wider observation window of defect energy that avoids possible detection failure and facilitates simultaneous observation of multiple defects. For deep defects, it also yields more Arrhenius plot data points and therefore enables more accurate extraction of defect energy and capture cross-sections.

These promising early results need to be

followed by extended follow up of the patients and standardised outcome reporting in the future. (c) 2012 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Using the reaction of activated N-hydrooxisuccinimide ester of mycophenolic acid, a series of immunoreactive conjugated antigens with albumins, gelatin, and glucosoxidase is obtained. On the basis of polyclonal rabbit antibodies, a test-system for indirect competitive immunoenzyme analysis is elaborated, which has the sensitivity 0.4 ng/ml. By immunoanalysis, the ability for active biosynthesis of mycophenolic acid in strains of Byssochlamys nivea (44/44, 4100-68400 ng/ml) and Penicillium roqueforti (7/16, 204-25120 ng/ml) from the mycobiota of ensiled feeds is confirmed. The correspondence between FDA approved Drug Library purchase Selleck FRAX597 weakly expressed producing capacity of most species of fungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus prevailing in grain feeds and the data on low occurrence of this metabolite in grain

(8.0%) and combined feeds (11.9%) is confirmed. A potential relation-ship between particular cases of a significant accumulation of mycophenolic acid (from 500 to 1500 mu g/kg) in grains of wheat, corn, and combined feeds and a high biosynthetic activity in rare species P. puberulum, P. stoloniferum, and P. gladioli is discussed.”
“Objectives: Long occlusions in calcified crural arteries are a major cause of endovascular technical failure in patients with critical limb ischaemia. Therefore, distal bypasses are mainly performed in patients with heavily calcified arteries and with consequently delicate clamping. A new reverse thermosensitive polymer (RTP) is an alternative option to occlude target vessels. The aim of the study is to report our technical experience with RTP and to assess its safety and efficiency to temporarily occlude small calcified arteries during anastomosis Pinometostat inhibitor time.

Methods: Between

July 2010 and December 2011, we used RTP to occlude crural arteries in 20 consecutive patients with 20 venous distal bypasses. We recorded several operative parameters, such as volume of injected RTP, duration of occlusion and anastomotic time. Quality of occlusion was subjectively evaluated. Routine on-table angiography was performed to search for plug emboli. Primary patency, limb salvage and survival rates were reported at 6 months.

Results: In all patients, crural artery occlusion was achieved with the RTP without the use of an adjunct occlusion device. Mean volume of RTP used was 0.3 ml proximally and 0.25 ml distally. Mean duration of occlusion was 14.4 +/- 4.5 min, while completion of the distal anastomosis lasted 13.4 +/- 4.3 min. Quality of occlusion-was judged as excellent in eight cases and good in 12 cases.

Acute endometritis and cervicitis were also more common in the atony group. Conversely, abnormal placental implantation (37% compared with 8%) and leiomyomas (21%

compared with 8%) were significantly more common in the group requiring hysterectomy for other indications.

CONCLUSION: Patients requiring emergent peripartum hysterectomies as a result of intractable uterine atony are more likely to have clinical and pathologic findings consistent with acute inflammation and infection. (Obstet Gynecol 2012;119:1137-42) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318253d78a”
“Background: Resistance to apoptosis is a major problem in ovarian cancer (OC) and correlates with poor prognosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble secreted factor that acts as a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and eFT508 tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG has been reported to attenuate TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells, including OC cells. OPG-mediated protection against TRAIL has been attributed to its decoy receptor function. However, OPG activates integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling in endothelial cells. In OC cells, activation of integrin/FAK

signaling inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that OPG could attenuate TRAIL-induced apoptosis in OC cells through integrin/FAK signaling.

Methods: In vitro experiments including immunoblots, colony formation assays, and apoptosis measurements ABT-263 Apoptosis inhibitor were used to assess the effect of OPG on TRAIL-induced apoptosis.

Results: Exogenous OPG protected from TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a TRAIL binding-independent manner and OPG protection was alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 integrin/FAK signaling-dependent. Moreover, OPG-mediated activation of integrin/FAK signaling resulted in the activation of Akt. Inhibition of both integrin/FAK DMXAA datasheet and Akt signaling significantly inhibited OPG-mediated attenuation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Although

OPG also stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling did not significantly altered OPG protection.

Conclusions: Our studies provide evidence, for the first time, that OPG can attenuate TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a TRAIL binding-independent manner through the activation of integrin/FAK/Akt signaling in OC cells.”
“Introduction: The aim of the paper was to determine the antibacterial activity of four glass ionomer cements against bacteria of the genera Streptococcus and Lactobacillus.

Material and methods: Four capsulated glass ionomer cements were applied in the study: Fuji Triage (GC), Fuji IX (GC), Ketac Molar (3M Espe) and Ketac Silver (3M Espe). Four standard bacterial strains were used to assess the antibacterial activity of the studied cements: Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, S. salivarius and Lactobacillus casei. The antibacterial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method.

Decision-makers only perceived government bodies and donors/NGOs to be legitimate stakeholders to involve during delivery. Patients found government bodies, patients, indigenous healers, chiefs and politicians to be legitimate stakeholders CDK inhibitor during both planning and delivery.

Conclusion: Poor status of the AFR conditions of relevance, publicity, appeals and leadership corresponds well to the differing perceptions of fairness and unfairness among outpatient attendees and decision-makers. This may have been re-enforced by existing disagreements between the two groups regarding who the legitimate stakeholders to involve during service delivery were. Conflicts identified in this study could be resolved

by promoting application of approaches such as AFR during priority setting in the district.”
“Barrett’s esophagus (BE) affects approximately

2% of the Western population and progresses to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in 0 5% of these patients each year. In BE, the stratified epithelium is replaced by an intestinal-type epithelium owing to chronic gastroduodenal reflux. Since self-renewal of intestinal crypts is driven by Notch signaling, we investigated whether this pathway was active in the proliferative crypts of BE. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of an intact and activated Notch signaling pathway in metaplastic BE epithelium, but not in the normal human esophagus Similar observations were made in two well-known human Barrett’s-derived EAC cell lines, OE33 and Buparlisib solubility dmso SKGT-5. We then sought to investigate the effects of Notch inhibition by systemic treatment with a gamma-secretase inhibitor in a well-validated rodent model for BE. As we have shown previously in normal intestinal epithelium, Notch inhibition converted the proliferative Barrett’s epithelial cells into terminally differentiated goblet cells, whereas the squamous epithelium remained intact. These data imply that local application of gamma-secretase inhibitors may FK506 price present a simple therapeutic strategy

for this increasingly common pre-malignant condition.”
“Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)-polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) based electrolytes comprising a binary mixture of solvents (EC and PC) (ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate) and lithium salts LiX (X ClO(4), BF(4), CF(3)SO(3)) have been prepared using solvent casting technique. The prepared electrolytes were subjected to ionic conductivity, XRD, SEM, and FTIR analysis to understand the salt contribution. Comparison of conductivity studies of the electrolytes with the three salts has also been made. These electrolytes exhibited good electrochemical properties, because they have an ionic conductivity of the order of 10(-3) S cm(-1), an electrochemical window exceeding 4.5 V and lithium ion transference number averaging above 0.75.

(C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 3640-3644, 2011″
“Manufacturing of microelectronics on flexible substrates is challenged by difficulties in maintaining alignment and conformity of the substrate through deposition, patterning, and etch processes. To address these difficulties,

a temporary bond-debond method has been developed for effective automated handling of flexible substrate systems during electronics fabrication. The flexible substrate is temporarily bonded to a rigid carrier, which provides structural support and suppresses bending during processing. The photolithographic alignment of the bonded system is strongly dependent upon the viscoelastic properties of the bonding adhesive. An additional challenge is to control the stress developed AG-881 mw during processing; these stresses evolve predominately through thermomechanical property mismatches between the carrier and flexible substrate. To investigate the role

of the thermomechanical Sapanisertib mouse properties of the carrier and adhesive, the stress, and subsequent bowing of bonded systems (flexible substrate-adhesive-carrier) is examined systematically using different carriers and adhesives. Excellent registration of the flexible circuitry fabricated on the bonded system with low stress can be achieved by using a viscoelastic adhesive with a low loss factor (tan delta) and a carrier with high modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion that is closely matched to the flexible substrate. This bond-debond process enables the high yield fabrication of flexible microelectronics on plastic substrates. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3517145]“
“Objective. Earlier reports, including a preliminary study within our unit, have shown that the surgeon’s see more experience is one of the most influential factors in determining the likelihood of both permanent inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) paresthesia, following third molar surgery. The effect of this and other factors influencing such prevalence

are assessed in this study.

Study design. This prospective study involved 3236 patients who underwent surgical removal of impacted third molars. Patients’ demographics and radiological parameters were recorded along with the grade of the treating surgeon. The prevalence of inferior alveolar and lingual nerves paresthesia at 1 month, 6 months, and 18 to 24 months postoperatively were also traced.

Results. At 1 month postoperatively, the incidence of IAN paresthesia was 1.5% and the LN was 1.8%. These figures decreased over time and 18 to 24 months postoperatively, the incidence of permanent dysfunction of the IAN was 0.6% and LN was 1.1%. With regard to inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia, risk factors included the patient’s age (2630 years), horizontally impacted teeth, close radiographic proximity to the inferior alveolar canal (IAC), and treatment by trainee surgeons.

Only Fitzpatrick types II, III and IV were found in the skin phototypes of residents in Hangzhou area, and Fitzpatrick type II seemed to be much more CB-5083 subject to severe wrinkling, elasticity

destruction and skin tumors than types III and IV. The oily skin was more protected against wrinkling and facial looseness than dry skin. However, as to concomitant cutaneous diseases, no difference was found among different skin types.

Age, solar-exposure time, Fitzpatrick type and skin type are the associated forces in promoting skin aging, and emotional factor seems to be another independent risk factor. The age of 49 years and 2 h/d of solar-exposure time seem to be the turning points responsible for dramatic changes of cutaneous appearance in the process check details of skin aging in Southeast China.”
“Background: Emerging data suggest a role for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation. Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the association of VDR gene variants and adiposity phenotypes in an epidemiologic study. Design: In a sample of 1773 healthy female adults recruited from western New York, we tested for the association of 14 VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the following 3 adiposity phenotypes: body mass index (in kg/m(2)), waist circumference (in cm), and abdominal height (in cm).

We examined age, education, total energy intake, smoking status, alcohol intake, and menopausal status as potential covariates. Results: One SNP, rs3782905, remained associated with all 3 adiposity phenotypes after multiple-testing correction (Bonferroni-adjusted P = 0.004). The mean waist circumference for women with the rs3782905 homozygous rare genotype was 4.4 cm larger than for women with the common homozygous genotype. Two other VDR SNPs were associated SNX-5422 cell line with waist circumference and abdominal height, but the associations did not survive multiple-testing

correction. Adjustment for covariates did not influence the results. Conclusion: The study results and the biological activity of VDR in adipocyte differentiation suggest that 3′ VDR variants may play a role in adiposity phenotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:5-10.”
“A 62-year-old woman who underwent heart transplantation 6 years later presented a regular atrial tachycardia. Electrophysiologic evaluation showed an atrial arrhythmia in the recipient atrium with 2:1 conduction to the donor atrium, with a confusing electroanatomical map. With the suspect of alternant conduction through two different breakthroughs, the map was split in two concordant maps, corresponding to two connections that were successfully ablated. Later on, a third connection was detected and therefore ablated.

FGF23 also plays a central role in the pathogenesis of post-transplant hypophosphatemia in kidney transplant recipients. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that FGF23 could be an independent predictor of mortality in dialysis patients, indicating its potential role as a sensitive biomarker of disordered phosphate metabolism. This brief review summarizes recent insights into the role of FGF23 in the pathogenesis of mineral and bone disorders in CKD.”
“Objective: Effective induction of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation

for regenerative medicine applications remains a great challenge. While much research has studied hMSC activity during differentiation, it is unclear whether KPT-330 concentration pre-differentiation culture can modulate differentiation capacity. We investigate the effect of glucose concentration in pre-differentiation/expansion culture on modulating chondrogenic capacity of hMSCs, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Design: The extent of chondrogenesis of hMSCs previously cultured with different concentrations of glucose was evaluated. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling molecules and protein kinase C (PKC) were analyzed to identify selleckchem the role of these molecules in the regulation of glucose on chondrogenesis. In addition, hMSCs in high-glucose expansion culture were treated with the PKC inhibitor to modulate the activity

of PKC and TGF-beta signaling molecules.

Results: High-glucose maintained hMSCs were less chondrogenic than low-glucose maintained cells upon receiving differentiation signals. Interestingly, we found that high-glucose culture increased the phosphorylation of PKC and expression of type 3-Methyladenine chemical structure II TGF-beta receptor (TGF beta RII) in pre-differentiation hMSCs. However, low-glucose maintained hMSCs became more responsive to chondrogenic induction with increased PKC activation and TGF beta RII expression than high-glucose maintained hMSCs during differentiation. Inhibiting the PKC activity

of high-glucose maintained hMSCs during expansion culture upregulated the TGF beta RII expression of chondrogenic cell pellets, and enhanced chondrogenesis.

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the effect of glucose concentration on regulating the chondrogenic capability of pre-differentiation hMSCs, and provide insight into the mechanism of how glucose concentration regulates PKC and TGF-beta signaling molecules to prime pre-differentiation hMSCs for subsequent chondrogenesis. (C) 2012 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The hallmark of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is macroscopic hematuria coinciding with, or immediately following, a mucosal infection, usually of the upper respiratory airways. The role of mucosal pathogens has been proven in different experimental models.

The clinical and laboratory data of 24 cases misdiagnosed as spondyloarthropathy in recent 3 years were comparatively and retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) criteria, Amor criteria, and the combination of them in these misdiagnosed cases was also analyzed.

The final diagnoses of these 24 cases were listed below: four malignant tumors (retroperitoneal adipose sarcoma, advanced gastric carcinoma, ovarian papillary epithelioma, acute lymphocytic leukemia), six benign tumors (two parathyroid adenoma with hyperparathyroidism, one intraspinal lipoma, intraspinal ependymomas, sacral tubulocyst, and intraspinal schwannoglioma, respectively). The other 14 cases included Fer-1 concentration fibromyalgia syndrome (3), osteitis condensans (3), diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (2), lumbar intervertebral disk protrusion (1), congenital scoliosis (1), Wilson’s disease (1),

ochronosis (1), Fanconi syndrome (1) and hypophosphatemic rachiopathy (1). Among patients with tumor, all except three patients had persistent low back pain without morning stiffness, which aggravated at night and could not be relieved by rest or exercise. The symptoms could not be relieved by administration Dinaciclib of multiple nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eleven patients had inflammatory low back pain defined by Calin. Of the total misdiagnosed cases, 54.17-83.33% could be prevented by application of ESSG criteria or Amor criteria, or a combination of them. From the data, we could see that the clinical features of different diseases with low back pain were different from each other and from those of spondyloarthropathy. The various criteria for spondyloarthropathy may be more effective in combination, along with other clinical information like these clinical features.”
“Background: The chromosome preparation is a crucial step for obtaining satisfactory results in molecular cytogenetic researches.

The preparation of plant chromosomes for molecular cytogenetic purposes remains a challenge for some species. In contrast Volasertib to human chromosome preparation, the processes occurring during plant chromosome preparation and causing chromosome spreading are still poorly understood.

Results: We studied the dynamics of plant chromosome spreading after dropping cell suspension on slides. We showed that steam stimulates cytoplasm hydrolysis and rapid chromosome spreading and that chromosomes stretch during this chromosome spreading. Based on these observations, we developed a novel method, named “”SteamDrop”", for the preparation of well-spread mitotic and pachytene chromosomes and successfully used it for 28 plant species with large and small chromosomes. We applied cell suspensions in ethanol instead of the commonly used ethanol/acetic acid fixative.

The case control group consisted of 40 donors matched with regard to sex, age, BMI and surgical technique. All donors were maintained on standardized multimodal analgesia combining nurse-controlled oxycodone treatment and acetaminophen. CILA donors had lower median cumulative consumption of morphine equivalents (CCME) (7 mg [0-56] vs. 42 mg [15-127]; p < 0.0000001), lower incidence of nausea (18 [45%] vs. 35 [87.5%] donors; p < 0.001), shorter time R788 in vivo in postoperative care unit (160 vs. 242.5 min; p < 0.001) and shorter hospital stay (4 [4-7] vs. 6 [4-11] days; p < 0.001). In 32.5% of CILA donors the CCME was 0 mg (0% in matched control group, p < 0.001).

CILA with 0.5% ropivacaine provides effective postoperative pain relief, reduces the need for opioid treatment and promotes postoperative recovery.”
“The underutilized, edible green raw (whole) fruits of amra, Spondias pinnata K. (Anacardiaceae family) from the eastern region of India were investigated for their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential.

A thorough nutritional this website characterization of this fruit demonstrated it as a source of energy (348 kcal/100 g DM), phenolic compounds, natural antioxidants and minerals. It is also a moderate source of ascorbic acid, malic acid, calcium, phosphorus and other nutrients. The phytochemical screening revealed 5.12 +/- 0.32 mg 100 g(-1) DM of alkaloids followed by saponins and tannins. All assays were carried out in three different solvent extracts of the fruit. Total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents were obtained as 210 +/- 1.89 mg GAE, 28.0 +/- 0.91 mg CE and CBL0137 9.97 +/-

0.72 mg RE respectively in 100 mg mix solvent extract (MSE). Antioxidant activity of different extracts (as DPPH scavenging) ranged from 0.73 to 0.59 mg ml(-1) as IC50 value, ABTS with a trolox equivalent antioxidant concentration (TEAC) value as 0.68 to 0.83 and FRAP 5.97 to 7.93 mg TE 100 mg(-1) extract. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid. p-coumaric acid, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid, quercetin, catechin, myrecetin and rutin. The MSE showed the highest antimicrobial activity (against Listeria monocytogenes (MIC 1.8 mg ml(-1))) and a-amylase inhibition capacity (as IC50: 29.3 mg ml(-1) extract). GC/MS screening showed the presence of vitamin E, furfural, phytosterol, campesterol and fatty acids. Analysis of volatile flavor showed isopropyl myristinate as a major compound followed by the other monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The current study explains the nutritional as well as medicinal utility of the fruit which is a rich source of minerals and antioxidants such as phenols and flavonoids. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Peripartum acute renal failure is an important complication related to pregnancy leading to significant morbidity and mortality.