“
“Renal dysfunction is a well-known complication following heart transplantation. We examined an early decline in kidney function as a predictor of progression

to end-stage renal disease and mortality in heart transplant recipients. Selleckchem AZD5363 We performed a retrospective cohort study of 233 patients who received a heart transplant between July 1985 and July 2004, and who survived > 1 month. The decline in estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) was used to predict the outcomes of need for chronic dialysis or mortality > 1-year posttransplant. The earliest time to chronic dialysis was 484 days. A 30% decline in CrCl between 1 month and 12 months predicted the need for chronic dialysis (p = 0.01), all-cause mortality (p < 0.0001) and time to first CrCl <= 30 mL/min at > 1-year posttransplant (p = 0.02). A 30% decline in CrCl between 1 month and 3 months also independently predicted the need for chronic dialysis (p = 0.04) and time to first CrCl <= 30 mL/min at > 1-year posttransplant (p = 0.01). In conclusion, an early drop in CrCl within the first year is a strong predictor of chronic dialysis and death > 1-year

postheart transplantation. Future studies should focus on kidney function preservation in those identified at high risk for progression to end-stage kidney disease and mortality.”
“Introduction and objectives. To investigate the relationship between patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke in patients aged >= 55 Rabusertib datasheet years.

Methods. This prospective study determined the presence of patent foramen ovale and atrial septal aneurysm using transesophageal echocardiography in 262 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of probable cryptogenic stroke. Data from 44 patients aged >= 55 years with cryptogenic stroke (Group A) were compared with those from two other groups: 194 patients aged <55 years with cryptogenic stroke (Group B) and 24 control patients aged 55 years with stroke of known origin, namely grade III-V aortic atheromatosis (Group C).

Results. The frequency NVP-HSP990 manufacturer of patent foramen ovale in Group A was similar to that

in Group B (38% vs. 36%; P=.85) but significantly higher than that in Group C (38% vs. 8%; P=.029). The frequency of patent foramen ovale with concomitant atrial septal aneurysm was significantly higher in the study group (Group A) than in the control Group C (18% vs. 0; P=.039) and non-significantly higher than in Group B (18% vs. 11%; P=.11).

Conclusions. The frequency of patent foramen ovale alone or in association with atrial septal aneurysm in patients with cryptogenic stroke aged >= 55 years was similar to that in those aged <55 years, but higher than that in patients aged >= 55 years with stroke of atherosclerotic origin. These data suggest that paradoxical embolism could be a cause of stroke in both age groups.”
“Polymers used for biomedical purposes in medical devices are usually requested to be inert to degradation.

Results: The AUROCs (95% CI) for NEWS for cardiac arrest, unanticipated ICU admission, death, and any of the outcomes, all within 24 h, were 0.722 (0.685-0.759), 0.857 (0.847-0.868),

0.894 (0.887-0.902), and 0.873 (0.866-0.879), respectively. Similarly, the Selleckchem 17DMAG ranges of AUROCs (95% CI) for the other 33 EWSs were 0.611 (0.568-0.654) to 0.710 (0.675-0.745) (cardiac arrest); 0.570 (0.553-0.568) to 0.827 (0.814-0.840) (unanticipated ICU admission); 0.813 (0.802-0.824) to 0.858 (0.849-0.867) (death); and 0.736 (0.727-0.745) to 0.834 (0.826-0.842) (any outcome).

Conclusions: NEWS has a greater ability to discriminate patients at risk of the combined outcome of cardiac arrest, unanticipated ICU admission or death within 24 h of a NEWS value than 33 other EWSs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective:

A relationship between T1 rho relaxation time and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content has been Mizoribine in vivo demonstrated in chemically degraded bovine cartilage, but has not been demonstrated with quantitative biochemistry in human cartilage. A relationship has also been established between T2 relaxation time in cartilage and osteoarthritis (OA) severity. We hypothesized that T1 rho relaxation time would be associated with GAG content in human cartilage with normal T2 relaxation times.

Methods: T2 relaxation time, T1 rho relaxation time, and glycosaminoglycan as a percentage of wet weight (sGAG) were measured for top and bottom regions at 7 anatomical locations in 21 human cadaver patellae. For our analysis, T2 relaxation time was classified as normal or elevated based on a threshold defined learn more by the mean plus one

standard deviation of the T2 relaxation time for all samples.

Results: In the normal T2 relaxation time subset, T1 rho relaxation time correlated with sGAG content in the full-thickness and bottom regions, but only marginally in the top region alone. sGAG content decreased significantly with age in all regions.

Conclusion: In the subset of cartilage specimens with normal T2 relaxation time, T1 rho relaxation time was inversely associated with sGAG content, as hypothesized. A predictive model, which accounts for T2 relaxation time and the effects of age, might be able to determine longitudinal trends in GAG content in the same person based on T1 rho relaxation time maps. (C) 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: It is not known how often, to what extent and over what time frame any early warning scores change in surgical patients, and what the implications of these changes are.

The observed bias was shown to be caused by particle bounce following the displacement of Alvocidib in vitro surfactant by the shear force of the airflow diverging above the collection plate of the second impaction stage. A procedure was subsequently developed that eliminated this source of error, as described in the second article of this series (submitted to AAPS PharmSciTech). Measurements obtained with both abbreviated impactors were very similar in precision to the ACI for all measures of in vitro performance evaluated. Such abbreviated impactors can therefore be substituted for the ACI in certain situations,

such as inhaler QC or add-on device testing.”
“The fatigue failure mechanism of rubber bearings under cyclic compression is important in evaluating their fatigue lives and thus is analyzed theoretically and numerically here. At first, the stress distributions in a bonded rubber PF-6463922 mw cylinder derived from three different existing models were utilized to calculate the cracking energy densities within it. Next, the location of

fatigue crack initiation and the direction of subsequent crack propagation in circular rubber bearings were consecutively determined. Furthermore, finite element numerical results were compared to those obtained theoretically from the three models to check their validity in predicting the fatigue crack initiation and propagation in circular rubber bearings. Based on the quasi-statically theoretical and numerical results, it is found that the

fatigue cracks initiate first at the outermost boundary between rubber and steel plates and propagate later inwards to the center of circular rubber bearings. The corresponding fatigue failure mechanism obtained theoretically and numerically is consistent Selleck BTK inhibitor with experimental findings reported previously. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 1747-1756, 2011″
“There are controversial data regarding the impact of coagulation factor XIII A subunit (FXIII-A) Val34Leu polymorphism in the pathogeneric of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Assuming this genetic factor is associated with the thrombotic process, we explored the role of FXIII-A Val34Leu in CAD and MI in a Chinese Han population. We recruited 195 consecutive patients with CAD confirmed by coronary angiography as well as a group of 203 controls. Factor XIII A Val34Leu polymorphism was determined through polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. We did not find the Leu/Leu genotype in patients with CAD or controls. No significant difference in Val34Leu gene polymorphism distribution was found between patients with CAD and the controls (P = .923). Subgroup analysis according to the history of MI showed the heterozygote Val/Leu genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of MI (P = .005; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-2.25).

revisional MGB were 89 +/- 12.8 min vs. 144 +/- 15 min (p < 0.01) and l.85 +/- 0.8 day vs. 2.35 +/- 1.89 day (p < 0.01). No deaths occurred within 30 days of surgery. Short-term complications occurred in 2.7% for primary vs. 11.6% for revisionnal MGB (p < 0.01). Five (0.5%) patients presented with leakage from the gastic tube but none had anastomotic leakage. Four (0.4%) patients, all with revisionnal MGB, presented with severe bile reflux and were cured by www.selleckchem.com/products/jph203.html stapling the afferent loop and by a latero-lateral jejunojejunostomy. Excessive weight loss

occurred in four patients; two were reversed and two were converted to sleeve gastrectomy. Maximal percent excess weight loss (EWL) of 72.5% occurred at 18 months. Weight regain subsequently occurred with a mean variation of -3.9% EWL at 60 months. The 50% EWL was achieved for 95% of patients at 18 months and for 89.8% at 60 months. MGB is an effective, relatively low-risk, and low-failure bariatric procedure. In addition, it can be easily revised, converted, or reversed.”
“Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate whether glutamine (GLN) enhances heat shock protein-25 (Hsp-25) and heat shock CA3 purchase protein-72 (Hsp-72) expressions and attenuates cerebral ischaemic injury in rat cardiac arrest model.

Methods: Rats survived from cardiac arrest model were randomly assigned to CPR + GLN group (0.75 g/kg of alanyl-glutamine, n = 6) or CPR

group (same volume of 0.9% saline, n = 6). Additional 6 rats were used for SHAM group. For the outcome measures, neurologic deficit score (NDS, 0-80) was checked at 24 h and 72 h after cardiac arrest. At 72 h after cardiac arrest, rats were euthanised and the brain was harvested. Then, right hemisphere was used for cresyl-violet and TUNEL staining. Left hemisphere was used for Western blot analysis of phosphorylated heat shock factor-1 (p-HSF-1), Hsp-25,

Hsp-72, and cleaved caspase-3. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U post hoc test with Bonferroni correction were used for the analysis.

Results: Resuscitation variables were not different between CPR and CPR + GLN. NDS in CPR + GLN was higher than that in CPR (p < 0.017) and lower than that in SHAM (p < 0.017) at both 24 h and 72 h. p-HSF-1, Hsp-25 and Hsp-72 expressions in CPR + GLN were significantly enhanced (p < 0.017) than GSK690693 cell line those in other groups. Cleaved caspase-3 expression in CPR was significantly higher (p < 0.017) than in SHAM and CPR + GLN. Ischaemic and TUNEL-positive neurons were more frequently observed in CPR than in CPR + GLN.

Conclusions: Glutamine attenuates cerebral ischaemic injury in cardiac arrest model of rats and this is associated with the enhancement of Hsp-25 and Hsp-72 expressions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background and objective: More than 100 000 Japanese die of pneumonia every year. The number of people residing in nursing homes is increasing with the ageing of the population.

001), which showed approximately similar amounts, followed by lower number of CD83+ cells (P < 0.001) in each OCL type. Different from S100+ cells, both CD1a+ and CD207+ cells on the epithelium (P < 0.05) and CD83+ cells on the capsule (P < 0.05) were preferentially observed. In RCs, significant correlation was found between the thickness epithelium with S100+ and CD1a+ cells, and between the degree of inflammation with CD83+ cells.

Conclusions: Dendritic cell populations in OCLs can be phenotypically heterogeneous, and it could

represent distinct Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor lineages and/or functional stages. It is suggested that besides DC-mediated immune cell interactions, DC-mediated tissue differentiation and maintenance in OCLs should also be considered. Oral Diseases (2012) 19, 8591″
“Objective: This study aims

to evaluate the impact of the mouth breathing occurred during childhood on the body posture in the adult age.

Methods: 24 adults, of both genders, aged from 18 to 30 years old with report of clinical manifestations of mouth breathing during the childhood composed the study group (SG). The control group (CC) was composed by 20 adults in the same age, without any respiratory problem since the childhood up to the present time. All the volunteers underwent a physiotherapeutic evaluation consisted of anamnesis and postural KPT-8602 mw biophotogrammetry (SAPo v 0.68 (R)). The comparison between the data of the SG and CG was accomplished by Student’s t-test.

Results: The biophotogrammetric analysis demonstrated that the SG showed more forward head posture confirmed by the angles A9 (p = 0.0000) and CL (p = 0.0414) and also by

the cervical distance (p = 0.0079). Additionally, this group presented a see more larger angular measure of the lumbar lordosis (p = 0.0141) compared to the CG.

Conclusion: The results indicate that adults with mouth-breathing childhood have postural alterations, mainly in the head and lumbar column, which keeps for the whole life. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common adverse reactions leading to product withdrawal post-marketing. Recently, genome-wide association studies have identified a number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles associated with DILI; however, the cellular and chemical mechanisms are not fully understood.

Methods: To study these mechanisms, we established an HLA-typed cell archive from 400 healthy volunteers. In addition, we utilized HLA genotype data from more than four million individuals from publicly accessible repositories such as the Allele Frequency Net Database, Major Histocompatibility Complex Database and Immune Epitope Database to study the HLA alleles associated with DILI.

Summary

Human genome studies combined with animal model research provide us with new evidence in the fascinating field of the gut-joint axis. However, how these newly identified genetic associations can influence the immunological environment remains to be elucidated.”
“Although earlier studies have indicated an inverse association between corpulence during childhood and the risk for breast cancer in adulthood, no study had evaluated body shape at different ages

or body shape evolution in relation to the risk for breast cancer defined by menopausal status and hormone receptor status. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using multivariate Cox models in 81 089 women AC220 from the French E3N cohort to evaluate

the risk for breast cancer associated with body shape (Sorensen’s scale) at ages Volasertib molecular weight 8, menarche, 20-25, and 35-40 years. Six lifetime body shape trajectories were also estimated according to Nagin’s approach to group-based trajectory modeling, and were analyzed in relation to the risk for breast cancer. During follow-up, 3573 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. At age 8 and at menarche, an increasing size of the body was associated with a significantly negative risk for estrogen receptor (ER)+ /progesterone receptor (PR) + postmenopausal breast cancer [both had a P-trend=0.001; HR=0.80 (0.67-0.94) and HR=0.74 (0.64-0.86), respectively], for the largest body shapes compared with the first body shape. No significant association with body shape was found at the other ages. In terms of body shape evolution throughout life, women with a large body shape at menarche, irrespective of their body shape before or after menarche, tended to have a decreased risk for ER + /PR + postmenopausal breast cancer compared with

women who were constantly lean. Adjustment for current BMI or age at menarche did not modify any associations. Our study found an inverse association between adiposity at menarche and the risk for ER + /PR + postmenopausal breast cancer, independent learn more of corpulence at other ages. This work should encourage longitudinal studies with hormonal information to examine the underlying biological mechanisms. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 22:29-37 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013, 22:29-37″
“Purpose of review

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by inflammatory back pain, impaired spinal mobility, and sacroiliitis on radiographs. The diagnostic delay in AS of several years is mainly attributable to the late appearance of definite sacroiliitis on radiographs. Efforts have been made in recent years to improve and standardize making an early diagnosis.

The substrates were irradiated with 8 MeV electrons to a dose of 25 kGy prior to deposition. Ion scattering measurements indicated that the silver particulates are formed at a few AR-13324 research buy tens of nanometers beneath the PS surface for both unirradiated and irradiated substrates. The particulate structure seems to be a two-dimensional array rather than a three-dimensional distribution. The morphology of the particulate structure, the depth of maximum concentration of the particles as well as the width of the distribution seems to depend on the

deposition rate and substrate temperature. The electron irradiation of the PS substrate gives rise to the modification of the morphology of the particulate structure due to the induced polymer-metal interaction 4SC-202 purchase arising from the free radicals created by the irradiation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3626470]“
“Objective

To examine whether immunocytochemistry can distinguish pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCAEC) among non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).

Study Design

Tumor touch imprint cytologic specimens of 109 lung cancers were studied. Immunocytochemistry was done using a total of 8 primary antibodies. chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule,

neuron specific enolase, CK34 beta E12, thyroid transcription factor-1, cytokeratin 18 and E-cadherin.

Results

If 2 or 3 antibodies of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neural cell adhesion molecule were stained positive and CK340E12 was not stained, pulmonary LCNEC can be selected accurately among other NSCLCs with 100% sensitivity and

100% specificity.

Conclusion

This study reveals that immunocytochemistry can help distinguish LCAEC of the lung from other NSCLCs. (Acta Cytol 2009;53:36-40)”
“A Flurbiprofen (FP) cationic liposomes in situ gelling system (CLIGS) of thermosensitive polymers was proposed; we investigated its in vitro and in vivo properties, and its potential use in ocular drug delivery was evaluated. This system, optimized via center composite design, was conceived from a combination of polymer- and lipid-based delivery click here systems. Therefore, the system could integrate the advantages of both cationic liposomes and in situ gels and further improve the poor stability of cationic liposomes. Cationic liposomes were characterized for their particle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and photograph of transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro penetration capability and precorneal retention time of the FP CLIGS were evaluated by a vertical Franz-type cell method and gamma scintigaraphy, respectively. The FP CLIGS showed an improved stability during a 30-day storage period over than of FP cationic liposomes.

TCAD reduction is most closely selleckchem related to smooth muscle cell migration, but not its anti-inflammatory properties. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:761-9 (C) 2011 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“Background: The genes encoding Delta(5)- and Delta(6)-desaturases (FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster) were reported to be associated with n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) fatty acid proportions in human plasma, tissues, and milk. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be supplied especially by dietary fish or fish oil and synthesized from a-linolenic acid through a pathway involving these desaturases.

Objective: We evaluated whether

FADS gene variants modify the effect of maternal fish and fish-oil intake on plasma and milk DHA proportions.

Design: FADS1 rs174561, FADS2 rs174575, and intergenic rs3834458 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 309 women from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study in the Netherlands.

Plasma was collected at 36 wk of pregnancy, and milk was collected at 1 mo postpartum. Fish and fish-oil intake was assessed by using a food-frequency questionnaire at 34 wk of pregnancy and updated for the week of milk collection. Gene-diet interactions were tested by linear regression analysis.

Results: DHA proportions were click here lower in women homozygous for the minor allele than in women who were homozygous for the major allele (DHA proportions in plasma phospholipids: P < 0.01; DHA proportions in milk: P < 0.05). Fish intake ranged from 0 to 2.5 portions of fatty fish/wk, and 12 women took fish-oil supplements during pregnancy. DHA proportions in plasma phospholipids increased with increasing fish and fish-oil intake, Prexasertib purchase irrespective of the genotype. DHA proportions in milk increased only with fish and fish-oil intake in the major-allele carriers.

Conclusion: Lower proportions of DHA in milk from women who were homozygous for the minor allele could not be compensated for by increasing fish and fish-oil intake, possibly because of limited incorporation into milk. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1368-76.”
“Background:

In Thailand, the proportion of Plasmodium vivax infection has become equal to Plasmodium falciparum. Reports of a trend of gradual decline of in vitro sensitivity of P. vivax to chloroquine in some areas of the country, together with accumulating evidences of chloroquine resistance P. vivax in other parts of the world, emphasize the need for closely and continuously monitoring clinical efficacy in conjunction with in vitro sensitivity of P. vivax isolates.

Methods: The study was conducted at Mae Tao clinic for migrant workers, Tak Province during March 2008 – August 2009. A total of 130 patients (17 Thais and 113 Burmeses; 64 males and 66 females) with mono-infection of P. vivax malaria, aged between 15-60 years and weighing more than 40 kg, were included in the study.

“
“The effects of an amphoteric copolymer, poly(acrylamide-co-(2-(3-carboxyacryloyloxy)-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-ethanaminium) (PAC) on the properties of cement pastes

or mortars were investigated. PAC was prepared from acrylamide and 2-(3-carboxy-acryloyloxy)-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethylethanaminium (CAC) through free radical polymerization. The results indicate that the presence of the polymer delayed the setting of Baf-A1 cement pastes; it also reduced the water demand so that the resulting mortars showed improved compressive strength and reduced length change. PAC with about 16.7% CAC and a weight-average molecular weight of about 5 x 10(4) was effective in promoting the material properties of mortars. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Study Design. A cross-sectional study.

Objective. To develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure quality of life (QOL) specifically targeting patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Summary of Background Data. Studies on LSS have investigated the effectiveness of various types of treatments using health-related QOL. However,

patients with LSS have various symptoms, and these symptoms change with posture, typical activities GDC0068 of daily living, etc. Thus, an LSS-specific scale to measure QOL is needed.

Methods. We postulated 7 subdomains for LSS-specific QOL and accordingly, item pool was developed, focus group interviews of patients with LSS and qualitative analysis were conducted, resulting in preliminary version of QOL scale. Then, 189 patients with a diagnosis of LSS completed this preliminary version. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factorial validity.

Cronbach alpha coefficient and the test-retest method were used to assess the reliability. The criterion-based validity was determined using walking capacity, recommended treatment level judged by orthopedists, and LSS symptom scale scores.

Results. Qualitative study confirmed the 7 domains but showed needs of addition Y-27632 ic50 and deletion of some items, resulting in 31 items. With factor analysis, after exclusion of 3 items, the remaining 28 items demonstrated strong unidimensionality. Cronbach alpha was 0.96. The coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.86. Walking capacity, recommended treatment level, and LSS symptom scale scores were significantly correlated with the QOL scale scores.

Conclusion. A 28-item QOL scale specifically targeting patients with LSS was developed, and its reliability and validity were confirmed.

One limitation of CLSM is its restricted magnification, which is resolved by the use of SEM that provides high-magnification spatial images of how the single bacteria are located and interact within the biofilm. However, conventional buy Blebbistatin SEM

is limited by the requirement of dehydration of the samples during preparation. As biofilms consist mainly of water, the specimen dehydration might alter its morphology. High magnification yet authentic images are important to understand the physiology of biofilms. We compared conventional SEM, Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-SEM and CLSM with SEM techniques [cryo-SEM and environmental-SEM (ESEM)] that do not require dehydration. In the case of cryo-SEM, the biofilm is not dehydrated but kept frozen to obtain high-magnification images closer to the native state of the sample. Using the ESEM technique, no preparation is needed. AR-13324 Applying these methods to biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed us that the dehydration of biofilms substantially influences its appearance and that a more authentic biofilm image emerges when combining all methods.”
“Two experiments were conducted to determine the urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion rates and to analyze potential variations in PD excretions between yak, Tibetan indigenous cattle, and their crossbreds under similar ecological environment, and to develop prediction

equations based on PD excretion for estimating rumen microbial protein supply. Three Tibetan castrated male yaks, and similar numbers of indigenous cattle and their crossbreds, were used in a fasting trial followed by a feeding trial, using three 3 x 3 Latin squares (1 for each breedtype), to measure responses of PD excretion to different feeding levels. The results showed that i) daily endogenous PD excretion for yak, indigenous cattle, and their crossbreds

was 134, 163, and 138 mu mol/kg of BW(0.75) (P = 0.38), respectively; and ii) crossbreds have greater PD excretion rate per unit digestible OM intake than indigenous cattle (P = 0.03). However, there were no significant differences between yaks and the crossbreds (P = 0.24) or between yaks and the indigenous cattle (P = 0.25). The proportion of allantoin to total PD in urine ranged from 0.83 to 0.88, with the crossbreds having greater values compared with the 2 parents (P = 0.03). Daily glomerular filtration rate, calculated using this website endogenous creatinine as an internal marker, for the above animals was 3.85, 4.23, and 3.61 L/kg of BW(0.75), respectively, in fasting trial (P = 0.59). The alpine animals may develop special regulating mechanisms in the kidney in terms of glomerular filtration rate and PD excretion, which would help the animals in adapting to the harsh environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.”
“Migraine has been associated with structural brain damage. Several studies have reported an association between migraine and brain white matter lesions or clinically silent infarct-like abnormalities in the posterior circulation territory.